HPV: Human Papillomavirus
How is HPV transmitted?
HPV is usually spread by direct, skin-to-skin contact during vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who is infected. Approximately two-thirds of people who have sexual contact with a partner with genital warts will develop the disease. Subclinical HPV infection can also be transmitted by a person who has no visible lesions.
Can a person get or give HPV through oral sex or from someone’s hands?
Although HPV may be trasmitted this way, the exact mechanism of transmission is unclear. Recent studies indicate a relationship between HPV and some head and neck cancers, but the route of acquisition is not clear.
What is the incubation period of HPV?
The average incubation period, which begins immediately after the initial sexual contact with an infected person is three to six months. However, when HPV is transmitted from one person to another, the virus infects the top layers of the skin and can remain inactive or latent for months or possibly years before any warts or other signs of HPV infection appears. Because the virus can remain dormant, even in couples that have been mutually monogamous for many years, the woman may develop an abnormal Pap smear or dysplasia (abnormal cells) as a result of previous contact.
When should I go to a clinic or health care provider?
- You notice any unusual growths, sores, or skin changes on or near your penis, vagina or anus.
- Your sex partner(s) tells you he or she has been diagnosed with HPV.
- You are experiencing any itching, burning or pain on or around the genital areas.
Want to know more?
Read about:
HPV diagnosis
HPV treatment
HPV prevention
HPV resources
Reviewed by the Office of Health Promotion, August 2007.